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Cell Structure and Function

Prokaryotic – no membrane-bound organelles

- - do not enclose DNA in the nucleus, generally smaller and simpler
  - For example, bacteria

Eukeryotic- membrane-bound organelles

- - enclose DNA in the nucleus
  - larger, more complex
  - For example, plants and animals

Animal Cell: cells that do a lot of protein synthesis have more ribosomes (rough ER)

Liver Cells – more smooth ER for detoxification

Muscle Cells – more mitochondria to increase energy production

Secretory cells – more Golgi to serve mucus, etc.

Organelle	Function	Prokaryotes	Animal	Plant
Vacuoles	Storage		X	X
Lysosomes	Filled with enzymes to break molecules down		X	X
Ribosomes	Assemble proteins	X	X	X
Endoplasmic Reticulum	Smooth-detoxification of drugs (no ribosomes) Rough-protein synthesis site(ribosomes)		X	X
Golgi Apparatus	Modify, sort and package things from ER		X	X
Chloroplasts	Photosynthesis – convert light energy to chemical energy			X
Mitochondria	Cell powerhouse – converts chemical energy to usable from; cell respiration		X	X
Nucleus	Contains DNA		X	X
Cytoskeleton	Maintain cell shape, movement		X	X
Centrioles	Organize cell division		X
Cell wall	Shape, support, protect cell	X		X
Cell Membrane	Protect, support, regulate transport into /out of cell	X	X	X